Raising The Minimum Wage Of The United States - 1309 Words

Raise the minimum wage: In the United States, studies show that women tend to make up a disproportionate share of low-wage workers. In the field of education, men tends to go more to STEM than women and that also leads to high paying jobs for men. If we raise the minimum wage, this will help hardworking women to support their families. Approximately, women made up two-thirds of all minimum-wage workers in 2012. With the current federal minimum wage i.e. $7.25 per hour, someone working full time, only earn $15,080 a year round. People working full time with minimum wage is still below the poverty threshold for any family with children and single person is also not far above the poverty line. So, increasing the federal minimum wage to $10.10 an hour would help increase the wages for about 15 million women, which will help close the gender wage gap. Raise the tipped minimum wage: The gender wage gap is vividly observed in tipped workers. The federal tipped minimum wage, which hasn’t been changed since 1991, only pays workers $2.13 per hour. According to the Economic Policy Institute, women make up two-thirds of tipped workers and are 70 percent of food servers and bartenders, occupations that comprise more than half of the tipped workforce. Tipped workers have a higher poverty rate than non-tipped workers, and 46 percent rely on government assistance to make ends meet. As women account for two – thirds of tipped workers, raising tipped minimum wage will help decreasing theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Raising Minimum Wage On The United States2322 Words   |  10 PagesThe Effects of Raising Minimum Wage My topic of interest is the effects of raising minimum wage in the U.S. Minimum wage is defined as the lowest wage permitted by law or by special agreement. In 1938, President Roosevelt signed a bill called the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, which set the minimum wage at $0.25. Although, overtime inflation devalued the amount of the dollar so it was raised there on. After raising the minimum wage the cost of living would keep going up every year. Also, currentlyRead MoreThe Effects Of Raising Minimum Wage On The United States969 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Raising Minimum Wage Raising minimum wage has in the recent years become a very controversial and personal issue, and although it is slowly becoming a more popular idea, some people still resist the movement. What people who oppose the adjustment of minimum wage are not considering, is that by raising minimum wage, it will allow low income families or otherwise low income individuals to earn more, in turn, allowing them to spend more money on goods and services. It will also help theRead MoreMinimum Wage During The Great Depression1419 Words   |  6 PagesThe Minimum Wage Battle In the United States, the minimum wage was passed during the Great Depression in 1938 to protect the buying power of normal workers in a period in which the â€Å"unemployment rate was still a very high 19 percent† (Sklar, 2009, p. 1). Since that time, there has been significant debate about the controversial topic of raising the federal minimum wage. The federal minimum wage law was created to eliminate unfair practices of sweat shops and manufacturing companies during this timeRead MoreMinimum Wage Should Be Raised910 Words   |  4 Pagesmaximize the American Dream on the minimum wage† (Benjamin Todd Jealous). In 1938, minimum wage was created by the federal government in order to protect workers by ensuring a minimum of twenty-five cents per hour worked. Though President Roosevelt had the right idea in protecting the workforce, something needs to be done to ensure that Americans are getting a reasonable amount of money for the amount of hours they have worked. As B enjamin Todd Jealous stated, minimum wage is not enough for the averageRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Debate870 Words   |  4 PagesThe minimum wage debate has recently made a large comeback in United States politics. Contemporary studies show over 3.8 million Americans are paid at or below minimum wage (Dickinson 33). Many have looked skeptically back on past wage systems and have questioned wage’s relationship to current market inflation. In response to this inquiry, a large majority of the general population, relatively unrelated to their degree of income, support legislation to increase the minimum. However, the issue hasRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage Essay1204 Words   |  5 PagesThe minimum wage is one of the most controversial issues on our country, which is United States has been facing last ten years. There have been never ending debates over this issue until the government, company, and others party stand together, and raise the minimum wage throughout the nation s. There are communities that believe raise the minimum wage has negative impact of every sector of the country. Other communities have different beliefs over the issue, raising the minimum wage helps the poorRead MoreMinimum Wage Should Not Be Increased1669 Words   |  7 PagesFederal minimum wage is a huge controversy around the world and especially in the United States today. It is the lowest wage that employers can legally pay their employees. The world’s first minimum wage law was passed in the year eighteen ninety-four in New Zealand. New Zealand’s minimum wage experiment caught the attention of other countries. It made them start considering the law for their own countries. The United States passed their federal minimum wage law in nineteen thirty-eight. The federalRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Change 1151 Words   |  5 Pagesthe topic of minimum wage. With president Obama’s increase in the minimum wage to 10.10$ per hour people, both economists and polit icians alike, have been debating whether raising the bar is a smart idea. At a time when the country the country’s inflation continues to rise at a steady pace and Americans are constantly working to feed their families, some economists know that a raise in the minimum wage would help elevate some of the difficulty. The last time the federal minimum wage was raised wasRead MoreEffect Of Raising Minimum Wage1215 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Raising Minimum Wage The minimum wage in this country has been a controversial issue. Many people believe it will help reduce poverty and boost the economy. However, they are not looking at the downfalls this will bring to our country. This could make the unemployment population rise, it will raise prices of other things, and would have little effect on reducing poverty. Raising the minimum wage would have a negative influence on our country. This movement throughout our countryRead MorePros And Cons Of Raising The Minimum Wage1122 Words   |  5 PagesSince 2009, the federal minimum wage rate for employees has been $7.25 per hour. In retrospect, this is hardly enough pay to take care of one’s self-- let alone a family with children. If a person were to add up the average cost of living for one week and then compare it to the average amount of money earned in minimum wage for that week, it would be apparent that there is little to no extra money for emergency situations. Increasing the minimum wage has been a major controversial issue; Democrats

The Hidden Facts About Courage Essay Samples Uncovered by an Expert

The Hidden Facts About Courage Essay Samples Uncovered by an Expert This post has highlighted the important demand for healthcare professionals, who comprehend the importance of moral courage at work, and are eager to take action as soon as the ethical values are being compromised. Aside from that essay Editing and Proofreading Help may also be availed by the students from the pertinent helpers which is too for free of charge. Stick to the directions provided and make certain you use the suitable style and technique. You have to keep in mind that although you have a reasonably good history, the absence of confidence can easily block you from fulfilling your potential. You have the capability to create excellent changes on earth and serve a greater purpose. On a rare occasion, it may be earned through nearly-unprecedented abilities in a given academic field. The capacity to forgive is a really difficult one. Needless to say, there are different means of looking at courage. When such feelings are expressed, there's no meaningful response outside embarrassment and apology. Most likely, before you know you'd have landed the promotion you'd set your head on. Complete dedication, higher level of devotion cut the opportunity to half. The simple truth is you don't have the truth, you merely have your version of it. Second, it shouldn't be form out of your private opinion. It requires courage to talk your mind, particularly if your opinion is in the minority. Let's start with the goal of the essays. Top Choices of Courage Essay Samples It's unnatural for a person to risk their life for others, and it takes quite a bit of courage to achieve that. There's a substantial quantity of courage seen by means of this guy. The Courage to Dream Bigger You won't ever be in a position to have your dream job nor live your fantasy life unless you initially locate the courage to dream large enough to identify what it is. The man chose a human finger for a sign of protection. One of the most usual displays of courage is whenever someone chooses to act despite the simple fact they feel fear about the task or feat facing them. It's viewed that courage includes fear due to the fact that many actions of individuals are motivated by shame instead of courage. Throughout the whole path of the novel you will see courage in just about all characters, but I see the absolute most courage out of 3 characters. Only the courage to try out something new. To acquire the idea of writing a profile essay, you will have to read the works of individuals who have written successful essays. Profile essays need you to receive all the appropriate details of your subject, and to only present ideas that could be supported by an established fact. A profile essay is thought to be the absolute most challenging essay to write, just with the appropriate resources and data, it will become a walk in the park. To make it simpler for you to compose a vital analysis essay, we've got a useful analysis writing template that will lead you through the most crucial points. So as to realize that you're working with a crucial analysis, you've got to keep in mind that analysis means breaking down and studying of the parts. It can help you to analyze research articles with greater professional competence and a higher degree of confidence. The only intention of any college writing guide ought to be to delineate what a number of those criteria are or aren't. Through writing an essay, students also become acquainted with a large array of information they will need to read so as to compile their essay in an intriguing way. The following ideas will work as a guide for you. As you are reading the short article, you need to look for details that identify the subject of the guide. My next article is going to be a treat for all those who like to consider about problem-solving and decision-making in novel ways. As previously mentioned, there may be several forms of articles to analyze.

RTL Implementation of MP3 Decoder IP Core Free Essays

string(38) " decipherer for this specific format\." RTL IMPLEMENTATION OF MP3 DECODER IP CORE Abstraction The intent of this survey is to look into the effectivity of the MP3 decrypting design in hardware comparison to the more popular package design. Nowadays, the MP3 file format is the most popular criterion for audio compaction, used in playback device such as audio participants and nomadic phones. While MP3 decryption is one of the indispensable portion in multimedia system, most of the decryption design are software-based, peculiarly because of the design of the system, which is easier compared to the hardware portion. We will write a custom essay sample on RTL Implementation of MP3 Decoder IP Core or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, the package design has higher clock, therefore higher power ingestion. This happens because of the design itself ; it has more iteration in the scheduling algorithm. There are undertakings that combine both hardware and package design in the MP3 decrypting creative activity, but the standalone hardware rational belongings ( IP ) nucleus is still non good explored. This paper will present a brief position on the basicss of the undertaking, every bit good as the needed inside informations needed in working on the undertaking. Every inside informations presented in the study are either gathered from diaries, books and the online beginning available. The mark of this undertaking is to run the designated IP nucleus and implemented in Register Transfer Level ( RTL ) manner, in which it easy means utilizing the hardware descriptive linguistic communication ( HDL ) as the footing linguistic communication for the design. Table OF CONTENTS Chapter Title Page Dedication 2 Recognitions 3 Abstraction 4 Table OF CONTENTS 5 List OF FIGURES 7 1.0 Introduction 8 1.1 Undertaking Background 8 1.2 Aim 9 1.3 Problem Statement 9 1.4 Scope of the Undertaking 10 2.0 Literature Review 11 2.1 Related Studies and Previous Work 11 2.2 Introduction to the MP3 Decoding Core 13 2.2.1 Synchroscope 14 2.2.2 Huffman Decoding 15 2.2.3 Requantiser 16 2.2.4 Reordering 17 2.2.5 Antialiasing 18 2.2.6 Inverse Modified Discrete Cosine Transform ( IMDCT ) 19 2.2.7 Synthesis Polyphase Filterbank 20 3.0 Research Methodology 22 3.1 Introduction 22 3.2 Ocular Representation of Research Methodology 22 3.2.1 Altera DE2 Board 24 3.2.2 Altera Quartus II 25 3.2.3 NIOS II 25 List OF FIGURES FIGURE NO. Title Page 2.1 The MP3 bitstream format 19 2.2 The three parts of frequence line 20 2.3 The reordering procedure ( the darker coloring material represents higher frequences ) 22 2.4 The antialias butterfly 23 2.5 Types of window sequences in a subband 25 2.6 The IMDCT operation flow 27 3.1 The undertaking work flow 3.2 The Altera DE2 board ( beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.terasic.com.tw/ ) 29 3.3 The Quartus II work bench environment 30 3.4 The NIOS II work bench environment 31 Chapter 1 Introduction Undertaking Background MPEG-1/2 audio layer-3 ( MP3 ) is a most popular format for playback of high quality compressed sound. During the recent old ages the application of MP3 sound codec has exploded. Typically MP3 files are played back utilizing package ( CPU or DSP ) , but recent tendencies have since informant the outgrowth of portable device, such as nomadic phones and MP3 participants. While DSP architecture is the most efficient for running MP3 participant, the challenges of FPGA execution of MP3 decrypting are less understood. Field Programmable Gate Array, merely known as FPGA, is one type of incorporate circuit that is consumer-programmable, therefore it is called â€Å"field programmable† . This incorporate circuit uses hardware descriptive linguistic communication ( HDL ) to configure. Nowadays, FPGA has since advanced into a high degree of efficiency during the past decennary. It has since become the major HP in different types of application, since it can be employed as standalone System on Chip ( SoC ) or powerful gas pedals in multi-chip system. The mark of the undertaking is to implement the MP3 decrypting nucleus by using the FPGA belongingss. While utilizing the bing package codification to run the decipherer in package, efforts has been done to run the decipherer in hardware, which will go the chief way in this undertaking. Then, comparing the public presentation of these two methods will besides be the focal point of the undertaking. Aim The aim of this undertakings are: To plan the MP3 decipherer hardware based and can be implemented in portable based design To measure the efficiency of the hardware based decipherer comparison to the common package based decipherer Problem Statement Most of the MP3 decryption designs are of in package. However, the hardware importance of the decryption design has since taken the popularity today. Therefore, several efforts have been taken to make the to the full hardware architecture of the decryption nucleus. This paper will measure the efficiency of the hardware decipherer as per package decipherer and to look into the advantages of both methods. Scope of the Undertaking The range of the undertaking includes combination of several elements such as hardware, package and electronic parts. Below are the Scopess for the undertaking. Uses Verilog HDL linguistic communication as its chief footing for programming Explore the application of Verilog utilizing Altera DE2 Board Include package programming such as C and C++ Implement the application ( partial ) utilizing downloaded package for package execution ( Quartus II 9.1, Nios II 9.1 ) Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW In 1988, Hiroshi Yasuda ( Nippon Telegraph and Telephone ) and Leonardo Chiariglione had initiated the working group Traveling Pictures Experts Group ( MPEG ) to put the criterions for audio and video compaction and transmittal. The group, formed by International Organisation for Standardisation ( ISO ) and International Electrotechnical Commission ( IEC ) , has since developed into an organisation joined by members from assorted industries, universities and research establishments. One of the criterions that have created is the MPEG-1 Layer 3, or good known as MP3. MP3 is the standard format used for digital audio compaction, in which the design have 12:1 compaction ratio, from 1.4Mbps 128kbps bitrate for compact phonograph record ( Cadmium ) music. Related Studies and Previous Work It is known that MP3 decrypting procedure is a hard procedure, but several research workers and industrialist have attempted to plan the decipherer for this specific format. You read "RTL Implementation of MP3 Decoder IP Core" in category "Essay examples" For case, Faltmanet Al.( 2003 ) have stated that the designing of MP3 decrypting in portable and stand-alone participants have gained in popularity. In the study, Faltmanet Al.( 2003 ) besides stated the importance in the public presentation of these hardware MP3 decrypting based on the clock rhythms and power use. It besides includes an effort to to make an MP3 decipherer in hardware, by utilizing Xilinx FPGA board. Thuonget Al.( 2005 ) have proposed the architecture of the MP3 decryption nucleus, in which the subcores of the architecture can be separately designed, coded and tested easy. However, the design of the nucleus is coded utilizing VHDL, the older version of RTL linguistic communication. Ko and Nicolici ( 2007 ) have tested the execution of the nucleus utilizing Altera DE2 board and Xilinx multimedia board. It besides has consequences including the figure of logic elements, reversals, memories and multipliers involved. Bhargav and Yang ( 2008 ) have introduced the use of Linux-run interface on the decryption nucleus. Their research has besides opened the possibilities of animating the popular piece of consumer engineering utilizing bing hardware available in the lab. Still, the design utilizes both hardware and package constituent in their design architecture. It has few general lags due to system clock and debugging procedure. Singhet Al.( 2008 ) have proposed that the demand of hand-held participants and multimedia in nomadic phone have raised a demand for a dedicated hardware to decrypt the file formats with low power ingestion and faster acceleration. Papakonstantinouet Al.( 2008 ) have researched instance survey on the execution of drifting point math in decipherer execution to accomplish existent clip and faster decrypting procedure. In the instance survey, the writers introduce floating-point ( FP ) unit in their architecture to measure the operation velocity ; therefore naming it the FP execution of MP3 decryption. In the latest research by Moslehpouret Al.( 2013 ) , the undertaking uses NIOS II system, which is a portion of package device, to read files and produces end product from the decrypting procedure. By utilizing unafraid digital ( SD ) card as input devices, the system uses Altera DE2 board but synthesize different file format: moving ridge files, or.wav extension files. Even so, the exposure of the study have shown that running the decipherer is possible, peculiarly because of package characteristics use Altera SOPC builder in Altera Quartus 9.1 environment, in which the platform is largely used in third instruction degree. Some of the old work did even make the architectural design of MP3 decipherer, utilizing a VLSI cell-based attack. Tsaiet Al.( 2004 ) have proposed the specific architectural construction of MP3 decipherer in which it achieves a high throughput with a decreased memory demand and hardware complexness. Meanwhile, Kalpanaet Al.( 2012 ) have tried to implement the algorithm on the decreased direction set computer science ( RISC ) based ARM processor, which is far more advanced, proficient wised. All of the old work did hold its important characteristics in edifice MP3 decryption nucleus, either in hardware or package. However, the execution of MP3 decrypting IP nucleus, which uses Verilog HDL as its hardware linguistic communication, as implementing it to the full hardware based is non good discovered. Therefore, the focal point is the study is to undertake the design of MP3 decrypting nucleus, on the surface at least. Introduction to the MP3 Decoding Core Harmonizing to Kalpanaet Al.( 2012 ) , all MP3 files are divided into fragments called frames. Each frames shops 1152 samples, enduring for 26ms, which the frame rate is about 38 frame per second ( Federal Protective Service ) . The first measure to decrypt MP3 file format is by happening the start of the frame, which is called synchronism procedure, or else called initial reading. Synchroscope Before decryption, the start of the frame must be found. If the frame is interrupted, we can non happen the exact place of the following frame ( Thuonget Al., 2007 ) . The construction of the frame consists of 5 parts ; heading, cyclic redundancy cheque ( CRC ) , side information, chief informations and accessory informations. Heading CRC Side Information Main informations Ancillary Data img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0958919.004.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0958919.003.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0958919.002.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0958919.001.png"/ Figure 2.1The MP3 bitstream format The inside informations about the frame heading is as follows: Frame Header It is a 32-bit long and has description of the frame, together with the synchronism word to separate the get downing portion of the bitstream CRC Use to look into if there is any transmittal mistake for the most sensitive informations. The CRC will merely exists when the protection spot in the heading is set. Side Information Includes the of import information needed to decrypt the chief information. This depends on the channel manner. For individual channel, 136 spots are allocated, while for double channel, 256 spot allocated ( this is tantamount to 17 bytes in individual channel, 32 bytes in dual-channel ) Main Data The chief informations portion consists of the frames that includes scalefactors, Huffman coded spots and accessory informations Ancillary Data This information can keep user-defined information. This frame country can keep optional informations such as vocal name or song information. Huffman Decoding This subdivision contains one of the most of import undertaking in MP3 decryption. The undertaking of Huffman decrypting is to transform and mapping the information into scalefactors and symbols stand foring the 576 original frequence lines for each granule. These frequence line is divided into three divider ;Big-values,Count1andRzero. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0958919.005.png" img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0958919.006.png" Big-values Count1 Rzero img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0958919.008.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0958919.007.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0958919.010.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0958919.009.png"/ Figure 2.2The three parts of frequence line Detailss on the Huffman codification divider are as follows: Big-values Represents the lowest frequence lines and are coded with the highest preciseness, scaled from values between -15 to 15. When the decipherer finds the value 15, it assumes that the higher preciseness is needed. This can be done by utilizing the value 15 as an flight codification, so reads extra spots from the imput watercourse. The figure specified in the Huffman tabular array are called linbits. Count1 Represent the higher frequence lines ; non necessitate the higher preciseness scaled value. Ranging from -1 to 1. Rzero Represent the highest frequence lines, and non portion of the bitstream. It contains the the frequence lines that are removed by the encoder. These values are filled with nothing by the decipherer. Requantiser The symbols generated from Huffman decrypting is so reconstructed into the original frequence line by utilizing the scalefactors provided in the side information of the frame. The low frequence scalefactor set contains less values than the high frequence. The descaling equation for both short blocks and long blocks are defined as Short blocks: img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0958919.011.png"/ Long blocks: img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0958919.012.png"/ The denoted scalefactorsscalefactor_sandscalefactor_lused by requantiser are provided by Huffman decipherer. Parametersglobal_gain,subblock_gainandpreflagcan be found in the frames provided by the Synchroniser block. The notaionimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0958919.013.png"defines end product from the Requantser block, whileimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0958919.014.png"is the Huffman decoded value at indexI. Reordering This block merely has one undertaking: it reorders the frequence lines within a granule. When the short block is decoded, a short window will be used. The end product is so sorted into subbands, so on frequences and at last by Windowss to increase the efficiency of Huffman coding. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0958919.015.png"/ Figure 2.3The reordering procedure ( the darker coloring material represents higher frequences ) Antialiasing Antialiasing is the procedure where its map is to cut down the inevitable assumed name effects because of the use of non-ideal bandpass filtering. The alias Reconstruction is based on the butterfly computation, dwelling of eight butterfly computation for each subband. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0958919.016.png"/ Figure 2.4The antialias butterfly Inverse Modified Discrete Cosine Transform Inverse Modified Discrete Cosine Transform, known as IMDCT, reproduce clip samples from the frequence lines, together with synthesis polyphase filterbank. The clip samples can be obtained from the frequence lines by utilizing the undermentioned equation. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0958919.017.png"/ The IMDCT operation flow begins by taking 18 input frequence lines and generates 36 polyphase filter subband samples. The samples so multiplied with with a 36-point window before passed into following decryption procedure. Windowing is the procedure of multiplying and overlapping add-on operation of IMDCT’s end product with the sine window coefficient. Based on the length of each window, four types of block is used ; they arestart,halt,shortandlong. The determination of block type is based on the analysis of the psychoacoustic theoretical account. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0958919.018.png"/ Figure 2.5Types of window sequences in a subband However, bring forthing 36 samples from 18 input means that there are merely 18 samples are alone, therefore the IMDCT method uses a 50 % convergence. In this instance, the 36 end product samples is so divided into 2 groups, low group and high group, which has 18 samples each. The overlapping procedure is so carried out by adding values from the higher group, old frame with the lower group, matching frame. Then, the frequence inversion is so taken topographic point to accomplish right stage difference. This was done by multiplying every uneven subband with ( -1 ) . img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0958919.019.png"/ Figure 2.6The IMDCT operation flow Synthesis Polyphase Filterbank This block is the last measure in decrypting procedure. It converts all 32 subbands to bring forth 32 Pulse Code Modulation ( PCM ) samples at a clip The filterbank exploits aliasing and windowing to travel the subbands back into their frequence sphere. This block is divided into two parts ; Modified Discrete Cosine Transform ( MDCT ) and windowing. Modified Discrete Cosine Transform Each clip frame of the subband samples are ordered so that the first 32 values are the first sub-sample from each subband, and so forth. The MDCT processes 32 values at a clip by utilizing the equation: img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0958919.020.png"/ whereimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0958919.021.png"/ The end point end product values,img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0958919.022.png"is so stored in the barrel shifter. Windowing The windowing procedure tallies by multiplying the valuesimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0958919.023.png"from the barrel shifter with the window map. This window map is specified in the ISO criterion. The PCM generated are so computed for each loop. The MDCT and windowing together run 18 times for each granule, bring forthing 576 PCM samples ( 27ms at 44.1kHz ) . Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Introduction This chapter discusses the well planned attack taken during the project’s timeline to guarantee that the undertaking is good organized and run expeditiously. The methodological analysis is represented into a flow chart for easiness of apprehension. Ocular Representation of Research Methodology The designate work flow for the undertaking is shown below, in Figure 3.1. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0958919.024.png"/ Figure 3.1The undertaking work flow The undertaking begins by researching any old plants related to the MP3 decryption and FPGA-based architecture execution. Besides that, several resources on hardware descriptive linguistic communication and package programming tutorial have besides looked at. The procedure involved in constructing the nucleus is studied and briefly elaborated to give excess cognition in order to carry through the research. The importance and intent of the undertaking is besides discussed in the first phase. The hardware used for proving and implementing the undertaking is Altera DE2 Educational Development Board. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0958919.025.jpg"/ Figure 3.2The Altera DE2 board ( beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.terasic.com.tw/ ) Altera DE2 Board The Altera DE2 board provides everything needed to develop many advanced digital designs utilizing Altera Cyclone II device, with utilizing application package Altera Quartus II. This development board is the first measure to present and larn basic FPGA devices easy, since it is accessible in the lab. It is suited for a broad scope of exercisings in classs on digital logic and computing machine organisation, from simple undertakings that illustrate cardinal constructs to progress designs. Altera Quartus II img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0958919.026.jpg"/ Figure 3.3The Quartus II work bench environment Altera Quartus II is a package tool produced by Altera for analysis and synthesis of HDL designs, which enables the user to roll up their designs, execute clocking analysis, analyze RTL diagrams, imitate a design ‘s reaction and configure the mark device with the coder. NIOS II img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0958919.027.jpg"/ Figure 3.4The NIOS II work bench environment Nios II is the most widely used soft processor in the FPGA industry. Nios II incorporates many sweetenings over the original predecessor, Nios architecture, doing it more suited for a wider scope of embedded computer science applications, from DSP to system-control. The development for Nios II consists of two separate stairss: hardware coevals, and package creative activity. 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